Jump training for basketball shooting / Treinamento de salto para arremesso no basquetebol / Entrenamiento de salto para lanzamiento en el baloncesto

ABSTRACT Introduction: Basketball has become popular, and important basketball groups have been created for fun and training. However, many athletes do not acquire a professional education, creating a gap between athletes and sports enthusiasts. Objective: Study the technical characteristics of the jump shot in basketball and explore its training methods. Methods: Intra-group control was selected to train the volunteer enthusiasts. The experiment was conducted twice a week for 6 weeks. Data regarding physical performance were acquired before and after the experiment, subjected to analysis, and discussed confronting the literature. Results: After six weeks of training, the total time of the three phases on the sports enthusiasts was 1.14378s, and the average time of the ball preparation phase was 0.72262s, representing 63.178% of the total time. The average time spent in the take-off phase was 0.2011s, representing 17.582% of the total time; the average time spent in the vacancy phase was 0.22006s, representing 19.240% of the total time. Conclusion: The jump-throw training protocol showed benefits over 6 weeks of training. The technical characteristics of the participants in the sports enthusiast group were improved statistically. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O basquetebol tem se tornado popular, e importantes grupos de basquetebol foram criados para diversão e treinamento. No entanto, muitos esportistas não adquirem um ensino profissionalizante, gerando uma lacuna entre os atletas e os entusiastas do esporte. Objetivo: Estudar as características técnicas do salto para arremesso no basquetebol e explorar seus métodos de treinamento. Métodos: O controle intra-grupo foi selecionado para treinar os entusiastas voluntários. O experimento foi realizado duas vezes por semana durante 6 semanas. Os dados referentes ao desempenho físico foram adquiridos antes e após o experimento, submetidos a análise e discutidos confrontando a literatura. Resultados: Após seis semanas de treinamento, o tempo total das três fases sobre os entusiastas do esporte foi de 1.14378s, e o tempo médio da fase de preparação da bola foi de 0,72262s, representando 63,178% do tempo total. O tempo médio gasto na fase de decolagem foi de 0,2011s, representando 17,582% do tempo total; o tempo médio gasto na fase de vacância foi de 0,22006s, representando 19,240% do tempo total. Conclusão: O protocolo de treinamento de salto para arremesso apresentou benefícios ao longo de 6 semanas de treinamento. As características técnicas dos participantes no grupo de entusiastas do esporte foram aprimoradas estatisticamente. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El baloncesto se ha popularizado y se han creado importantes grupos de baloncesto para divertirse y entrenar. Sin embargo, muchos deportistas no adquieren una formación profesionalizante, lo que genera una brecha entre los atletas y los aficionados al deporte. Objetivo: Estudiar las características técnicas del salto para lanzar en baloncesto y explorar sus métodos de entrenamiento. Métodos: Se seleccionó un control intragrupo para entrenar a los voluntarios entusiastas. El experimento se realizó dos veces por semana durante 6 semanas. Los datos relativos al rendimiento físico se adquirieron antes y después del experimento, se sometieron a análisis y se discutieron confrontándolos con la bibliografía. Resultados: Tras seis semanas de entrenamiento, el tiempo total de las tres fases en los entusiastas del deporte fue de 1,14378s, y el tiempo medio de la fase de preparación del balón fue de 0,72262s, lo que representa el 63,178% del tiempo total. El tiempo medio empleado en la fase de despegue fue de 0,2011s, lo que representa el 17,582% del tiempo total; el tiempo medio empleado en la fase de vacante fue de 0,22006s, lo que representa el 19,240% del tiempo total. Conclusión: El protocolo de entrenamiento de salto para lanzamiento presentó beneficios a lo largo de 6 semanas de entrenamiento. Las características técnicas de los participantes del grupo de entusiastas del deporte mejoraron estadísticamente. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Prevalence of hearing loss among community-dwelling older people in China in 2020 / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hearing loss among community-dwelling older people aged 60 and over, and also to compare the discrepancies between self-reported hearing loss and hearing loss diagnosed via audiometry.Methods:Subjects were from the Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for the Elderly in China(PINDEC)project.By using the stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a total of 10 347 residents aged 60 years and over were selected from 12 counties and districts in Liaoning, Henan and Guangdong Provinces and hearing function assessment was performed in 2020 through otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry and questionnaires.Hearing loss(HL)was defined by the World Health Organization criteria.Self-reported hearing loss was assessed by asking participants whether they had difficulty in hearing.The χ2 and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to analyze the differences in HL between different groups.The multivariate Logistic regression model was applied to assess factors influencing HL. Results:In 2020, the prevalence of HL among the elderly aged 60 and older in Liaoning, Henan and Guangdong Provinces was 69.8%(95% CI: 68.9%-70.7%). The prevalence of HL in men was higher than that in women, and increased gradually with age.The prevalence of mild HL was 47.2%, and the prevalence of moderate, severe and profound HL were 18.0%, 3.6% and 0.9%, respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors positively correlated with HL were aging, male sex, living in rural areas and working in manual labor.Education level was negatively correlated with HL.Of the 7223 participants who were found to have HL, 5106(70.7%)self-reported having good hearing.Those of a younger age, with a higher educational achievement, having a spouse, or with mild HL were more likely to report having good hearing(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Hearing loss is quite prevalent among community-dwelling older people, and there is a large discrepancy in prevalence between self-reported HL and HL diagnosed via audiometry.Screening and comprehensive intervention for hearing loss for the elderly should be strengthened.

Awareness of diabetes knowledge and its influencing factors among health examination population / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the awareness of diabetes knowledge among the health examination population and its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From september to november 2022, the subjects of six health examination centers located in six different cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Xiamen, Hangzhou) in China were investigated in the form of questionnaires to investigate the awareness of diabetes core information and the level of trust to different information sources of diabetes knowledge. According to the questionnaire results, the subjects were divided into a high awareness group of diabetes core information and a low awareness group. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of diabetes core information awareness; the t-test was used to compare the trust degree of the two groups to different information sources. Results:A total of 9 315 people were included in the six centers, including 4 932 men (52.90%) with an average age of (39.36±12.64) years and 4 383 women (47.10%) with a mean age of (37.47±11.85) years. Only 36% of the people had high awareness of diabetes core information; variables such as gender, age, education level, physical examination frequency in the past three years, package price of this physical examination, self-evaluation of diabetes knowledge, diabetes status, and city of residence were variables that affect the level of awareness of core information related to diabetes (all P<0.05). Compared with the low awareness group of diabetes core information, the high awareness group trusted professional medical staff ( t=-9.597, P<0.05) and community health promotion more ( t=-5.014, P<0.05), but did not trust the emerging popular science propaganda means, such as WeChat official accounts/WeChat groups/QQ groups, Internet web page, Tiktok/Kwai and other short video APPs. Conclusion:The awareness rate of diabetes knowledge among the health examination population is low, and it is affected by many factors; Health education on diabetes knowledge should be carried out for people undergoing physical examination.

Exploring risk factors for combined coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with ischemia and non-obstructive coronary artery disease / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for combined coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in patients with ischemia and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA).Methods:From October 2020 to May 2022, 100 INOCA patients with myocardial ischemic symptoms who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) suggestive of <50% stenosis in all three coronary arteries at the Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University were prospectively recruited. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), transthoracic echocardiography and cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) SPECT coronary flow quantification were performed in the same month, and 93 INOCA patients (36 males and 57 females, age (63.0±10.9) years) were finally included. CMD was defined as coronary flow reserve (CFR)<2.5. Independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to compare MPI results and left ventricular volume parameters between CMD and non-CMD groups. ROC curve analysis was used to analyze the efficacy of each index in predicting CMD, and independent risk factors for CMD were screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:Among 93 INOCA patients, 29 were in the CMD group and 64 were in the non-CMD group. The age, proportion of hypertension, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), summed stress score (SSS), summed difference score (SDS), left ventricular internal diameter systolic (LVIDS), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) in the CMD group were higher than those in the non-CMD group ( t values: 2.42-3.76, χ2=8.94, z values: -3.31, -3.41, all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that LVMI, SSS, SDS, LVPWT, IVST and age were significant in predicting CMD (AUCs: 0.67-0.72). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LVMI (odds ratio ( OR)=1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17), SDS ( OR=5.37, 95% CI: 1.95-14.78), hypertension ( OR=5.68, 95% CI: 1.34-24.18) and age ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18) were risk factors for CMD. Conclusion:LVMI, SDS, hypertension and age are strongly associated with combined CMD in INOCA patients, which can be used for early risk stratification of INOCA patients.

The value of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography of internal and peripheral regions combined with clinical factors in predicting benign and malignant breast lesions of breast imaging reporting and data system category 4 / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) of internal and peripheral regions combined with clinical factors in predicting benign and malignant breast lesions of breast imaging reporting and data system category 4 (BI-RADS 4).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and imaging data of patients with breast lesions who were treated in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (Center 1) Affiliated to Qingdao University from July 2017 to July 2020 and in Fudan University Cancer Hospital (Center 2) from June 2019 to July 2020. Center 1 included 835 patients, all female, aged 17-80 (49±12) years, divided into training set (667 cases) and test set (168 cases) according to the "train-test-split" function in Python software at a ratio of 8∶2; and 49 patients were included from Center 2 as external validation set, all female, aged 34-70 (51±8) years. The radiomics features were extracted from the intralesional region (ITR), the perilesional regions of 5, 10 mm (PTR 5 mm, PTR10 mm) and the intra-and perilesional regions of 5, 10 mm (IPTR 5 mm, IPTR 10 mm) and were selected by variance filtering, SelectKBest algorithm, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Then five radiomics signatures were constructed including ITR signature, PTR 5 mm signature, PTR 10 mm signature, IPTR 5 mm signature, IPTR 10 mm signature. In the training set, univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to construct nomograms by selecting radiomics signatures and clinical factors with significant difference between benign and malignant BI-RADS type 4 breast lesions. The efficacy of nomogram in predicting benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 breast lesions was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC). Decision curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the net benefit and calibration capability of the nomogram.Results:The nomogram included ITR signature, PTR 5 mm signature, PTR 10 mm signature, IPTR 5 mm signature, age, and BI-RADS category 4 subclassification for differentiating malignant and benign BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions and obtained AUCs of 0.94, 0.92, and 0.95 in the training set, test set, and external validation set, respectively. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted probabilities and actual results and the decision curve indicated a good net benefit of the nomogram for predicting malignant BI-RADS 4 lesions in the training set, test set, and external validation set.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed from the radiomics features of the internal and surrounding regions of CESM breast lesions combined with clinical factors is attributed to differentiate benign from malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions.

Effect of remnant cholesterol levels on carotid intima thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated by ultra-high frequency ultrasound / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To discuss the effect of remnant cholesterol (RC) levels on carotid intima thickness (CIT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by ultra-high frequency ultrasound.Methods:A total of 60 patients with T2DM who received treatment in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2021 to July 2022 were prospectively recruited, and they were divided into a higher RC group (31 cases) and a lower RC group (29 cases) according to the RC levels. Thirty-one age, sex and body mass index(BMI)-matched healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Carotid CIT, carotid media thickness(CMT) and intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured by 24 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound probe. The difference of general clinical data, laboratory indicators and CIMT, CIT, CMT among the three groups were compared, and the influencing factors of CIT in T2DM patients were explored by multivariate regression analysis.Results:①There were no statistical significances in gender, age, BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and CMT among the three groups (all P>0.05). There were no statistical significances in duration of diabetes, fasting blood-glucose and glycated haemoglobin between the two subgroups of T2DM (all P>0.05). ②Compared with the control group, CIMT and CIT were thicker in the T2DM group (both P<0.05). ③CIT was thicker in the higher RC group than in the lower RC group ( P<0.05), while the difference of CIMT was not statistically significant the two groups ( P>0.05). ④Multivariate regression analysis showed that RC was the influence factor of CIT in patients with T2DM(β=0.610, P=0.005). Conclusions:CIT is significantly thicker in T2DM patients with higher RC than in those with lower RC, and RC is the influence factor of CIT, which suggests that more attention should be paid to the detection of RC in T2DM patients.

2011 to 2021 rehabilitation professionals distribution from system of China Disabled Persons' Federation using geographical gravity model / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and trend of rehabilitation personnel of China Disabled Persons' Federation (CDPF) system and the people with disabilities (PWDs) using geographical gravity model. MethodsBased on ArcGIS and statistical data, the distribution of geographical center of gravity of the rehabilitation personnel of the CDPF system from 2011 to 2021 was analyzed. According to the economic development, the areas were divided into three regions, and the eastern region included eleven provincial units, the central region includes eight provincial units, and the western region included twelve provincial units. ResultsCompared with 2011, rehabilitation staffs per thousand PWDs increased at 107.5% in 2021, 81.1%, 114.2% and 174.1% for the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively; professional staffs increased at 190.5%, 148.8%, 284.6% and 280.6% for the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively; managerial staff increased at 80.0%, 46.8%, 554.3% and 128.1% for the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively. Compared with 2011, the geographical center of gravity of the rehabilitation personnel moved about 330.9 km in 2021, while the geographical center of gravity of the PWDs moved about 169.64 km. ConclusionThe rehabilitation personnel in the CDPF system is the most in the eastern region and least in the western region. The tracks of the geographical center of gravity of the three kind of rehabilitation personnel in the CDPF system are relatively consistent. The rehabilitation personnel in the eastern region are more concentrated than those in the western region, and the density of the PWDs is more westward than that of the rehabilitation personnel, and coordination is not a perfect match yet. It is necessary to strengthen the rehabilitation personnel allocation in the western region, to balance distribution of human resources for rehabilitation of PWDs among regions.

Research on dynamic on-line monitoring method of moisture attribute in three honey-processed Chinese herbal slice based on in-situ general model / 药学学报

Aiming at the hysteresis and destructiveness of off-line static detection of critical quality attribute of the moisture content of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process, honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis were used as the research carriers, and the drying method was used to measure the moisture content as a reference value. The moving stage was used to simulate the movement process of samples on the conveyor belt in the actual on-site production process, and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were collected, combined with machine learning, to establish NIR on-site dynamic detection model of moisture content in multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice. The results show that the second derivative method is used to preprocess the spectrum. The number of decision trees (ntree), the number of random features (max feature), and the minimum number of samples for generating leaf nodes (node size) are selected: 46, 76, and 8, respectively. The quantitative analysis model of moisture content has the best effect. The prediction coefficient of determination (the prediction coefficient of determination, R2pre) and the root mean square error of prediction (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP) of the model were 0.903 2 and 0.330 2, respectively. The NIR quantitative model for the moisture content of multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice established in this study has good predictive performance, and can achieve rapid, accurate and non-destructive quantitative analysis of the moisture content of honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis at the same time, and provides a method for determining the moisture content of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process.

Identification of taste critical quality attribute and formulation optimization of Xiaoer Qingrening Granules based on electronic tongue and human senses / 药学学报

This study primarily concentrated on scientific problems of poor taste caused by unclear critical quality attributes of oral preparations manufactured by Chinese materia medica, successfully established an identification method for taste critical quality attribute and a taste improvement method combining electronic tongue with human senses, and determined the optimal taste formula, to improve patients' oral medication compliance. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The results showed that the proportion of bitterness of Xiaoer Qingrening Granule was 61.8%, and its bitterness grade was 3.70, it was determined that bitterness is the critical quality attribute that caused the poor taste of Xiaoer Qingrening Granule. Additionally, the optimal taste formula per milliliter of Xiaoer Qingrening sugar-free intermediate was determined with allowable daily intake, solubility, and sweetness as the limiting conditions, which was 40 mg hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, 180 mg trehalose, and 1.5 mg acesulfame potassium. Compared with the Xiaoer Qingrening Granule, the sensory evaluation score of the optimal taste formula was increased by 37.5 points. In conclusion, this study achieved the taste improvement of Xiaoer Qingrening Granule and formed a set of taste improvement strategies including the identification of taste critical quality attribute, the selection of the type and dosage of corrigent, and the optimization of taste formula, which provided a thought reference for the taste improvement of other oral preparations and a new perspective for quality control of intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicines.

Iodine nutrition status and influencing factors of thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10 years in Shiyan City, Hubei Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To study the iodine nutrition status and influencing factors of thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10 years in Shiyan City, Hubei Province.Methods:From June 2019 to October 2020, in 8 counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of Shiyan City, Hubei Province, each county (city, district) was divided into 5 districts according to the east, west, south, north, and center. One township (street) was selected in each district, and 40 children aged 8 to 10 years from one primary school (age balanced, half male and half female), were selected in each township (street), and their home salt samples and once random urine sample were taken to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine levels. At the same time, thyroid volume measurements and physical examination were performed.Results:A total of 3 172 salt samples were collected from children's homes, with a salt iodine content of 23.68 mg/kg. The iodine salt coverage rate was 99.81% (3 166/3 172), and the qualified iodine salt consumption rate was 96.72% (3 068/3 172). A total of 3 172 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urinary iodine level of 241.87 μg/L, indicating that iodine nutrition was at a super optimal level. There were statistically significant differences in the median urinary iodine among children of different genders and regions ( Z = - 3.63, H = 160.83, P < 0.001). The thyroid of 1 191 children was examined, and the goiter rate was 0.67% (8/1 191), and there were statistically significant differences in the goiter rate of children of different ages and regions (χ 2 = 6.41, 11.91, P = 0.040, 0.002). The correlation analysis results showed that there was a negative correlation between urinary iodine and thyroid volume in children ( r = - 0.08, P = 0.025); according to age stratification, there were positive correlation between height, weight, body surface area, and thyroid volume in children aged 8, 9 and 10 years ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of 8 - 10 years old children in Shiyan City is in an over appropriate level, and the goiter rate is low. Urinary iodine, height, weight, and body surface area of children are all factors influencing thyroid volume.

A comparative study of iodine content in serum, plasma and whole blood / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the consistency of individual iodine nutrition levels by serum iodine, plasma iodine and whole blood iodine, and to provide reference for iodine-related epidemiological investigation.Methods:Healthy adults aged 18 - 59 years were recruited from the Research Center of Environment and Health in Water Source Area of South-to-North Water Diversion of Hubei University of Medicine. Whole blood sample was collected and serum and plasma were separated. The content of iodine in serum, plasma and whole blood was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the linear relationship, precision and accuracy of the standard curve of the detection method were evaluated. The difference of three kinds of blood iodine levels was analyzed by variance analysis of compatibility group design, and Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman plot were used to evaluate the consistency between serum iodine and plasma iodine.Results:The linear range of iodine in serum, plasma and whole blood was 0.0 - 25.0 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients ( R2) were all > 0.999. The relative standard deviation of 8 mixed blood samples ranged from 1.9% to 4.3% ( n = 6), and the determination results of blood iodine certified standard substances were all within the reference range. The recovery rate of the added standard ranged from 99% to 106%. The iodine levels in serum, plasma and whole blood of 50 volunteers were (57.31 ± 8.06), (57.49 ± 8.50) and (33.89 ± 5.40) μg/L, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between serum iodine and plasma iodine ( P = 0.904). The results of Passing-Bablok regression showed that there was no statistically significant difference in bias between serum iodine and plasma iodine ( P = 0.538). The Bland-Altman plot indicated that the difference between serum iodine and plasma iodine was within the consistency limit. Conclusion:The results of plasma iodine and serum iodine are in good agreement, and plasma iodine can be used as an evaluation index of individual iodine nutrition level. But there is no consistency between whole blood iodine and serum iodine.

Predictive analysis of the number of hospitalized patients with acute pancreatitis based on time series model / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective:To predict and analyze the number of acute pancreatitis (AP) inpatients based on time series model, and to explore the predictive efficiency of the model.Methods:Clinical data of AP inpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 were collected. R software was used to collect the time series of AP inpatients, and the trend and seasonal characteristics of AP inpatients from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. Furthermore, the autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) model was established through stationarity test, model ordering and model testing steps, and the best selected model was used to predict the monthly number of inpatients in 2019 to verify its prediction efficiency.Results:A total of 3 939 AP patients were included in the study. The most common etiology for AP was cholestrogenic (48.2%), followed by hyperacylglyceremia (36.3%). The peak age of hospitalization was from 40 to 60 years old. Time series analysis showed that the number of AP inpatients increased year by year. The highest peak of the disease was from February to March, followed by September to November; and there was seasonal variation and the incidence was relatively small in summer. The established original training set sequence did not pass the stationarity test ( P=0.061), so the ARIMA model was established after it was transformed into a stationarity sequence by first-order difference. According to the criterion of minimum AIC value, ARIMA(2, 1, 1)(1, 1, 1) 12 was selected as the best model. The model was used to predict the number of AP inpatients in 2019, showing that it could better fit the trend of onset time and had good short-term prediction effect. The mean root error and absolute error were 6.8790 and 4.7783, respectively. Conclusions:The number of AP inpatients increases year by year with seasonal changes. ARIMA model is effective in predicting the number of AP inpatients and can be used for short-term prediction.

SUMO1 regulates post-infarct cardiac repair based on cellular heterogeneity / 药物分析学报

Small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMOylation)is a dynamic post-translational modification that maintains cardiac function and can protect against a hypertrophic response to cardiac pressure overload.However,the function of SUMOylation after myocardial infarction(MI)and the molecular details of heart cell responses to SUMO1 deficiency have not been determined.In this study,we demonstrated that SUMO1 protein was inconsistently abundant in different cell types and heart regions after MI.However,SUMO1 knockout significantly exacerbated systolic dysfunction and infarct size after myocardial injury.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed the differential role of SUMO1 in regulating heart cells.Among cardiomyocytes,SUMO1 deletion increased the Nppa+Nppb+Ankrd1+cardiomyocyte subcluster pro-portion after MI.In addition,the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts subclusters was inhibited in SUMO1 knockout mice.Importantly,SUMO1 loss promoted proliferation of endothelial cell subsets with the ability to reconstitute neovascularization and expressed angiogenesis-related genes.Computational analysis of ligand/receptor interactions suggested putative pathways that mediate cardiomyocytes to endothelial cell communication in the myocardium.Mice preinjected with cardiomyocyte-specific AAV-SUMO1,but not the endothelial cell-specific form,and exhibited ameliorated cardiac remodeling following MI.Collectively,our results identified the role of SUMO1 in cardiomyocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells after Ml.These findings provide new insights into SUMO1 involvement in the patho-genesis of MI and reveal novel therapeutic targets.

Safety and efficacy of levosimendan in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective, multicenter, and observational study / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the indication, effectiveness, tolerance, and safety of levosimendan in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) in 20 hospitals in Beijing, China.Methods:This prospective, observational, and multicenter study consecutively enrolled AHF patients who were treated with levosimendan at 20 hospitals in Beijing from April 2020 to March 2022. Baseline demographics, laboratory parameters, clinical presentation, concomitant diseases and medications were collected. After initiation of levosimendan, levosimendan administration, laboratory parameter pre- and post-administration, symptoms improvement, and adverse events were also collected.Results:Totally 800 AHF patients were included, 67% of whom were male, aged (65 ±17) years, 50% of whom had ischemic heart disease, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (36±11)%. The dose of levosimendan was (11.84 ±2.11) mg and the mean infusion time was (1 450±307) min. Dyspnea was improved in 83.4% of AHF patients at 24 h after treatment. The level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) significantly decreased from 689 (406-1509) pg/mL to 410 (156-697) pg/mL in all patients at 24-72 h after treatment ( P<0.001), and the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) decreased from 6910 (3 715-13 914) pg/mL to 2 851 (1 288-6 191) pg/mL ( P<0.001). Meanwhile, LVEF level also improved significantly [(40±11)% vs. (36±11)%, P<0.001]. During levosimendan administration, adverse events occurred in 74 (9.3%) patients, including hypotension (5.9%), arrhythmia (1.9%), and other symptoms (1.1%). Among them, 7 patients ( 2 patients with hypotension and 5 patients with ventricular tachycardia) interrupted levosimendan administration. Conclusions:The use of levosimendan is safe, and can improve symptoms reduce BNP or NT-pro BNP levels and increase LVEF level in AHF patients.

Sorting and Elaborating on the Combination Theory of Herb Pairs / 中医杂志

@#As the smallest combination unit of Chinese medicinals， herbal pairs serve as the bridge between medicinals and formulas， whose combination theory reflects the basic characteristics of Chinese medicinals combination and the core essence of prescription composition. Simultaneously， as a key combination of medicinals in clinical treatment of diseases， syndromes， and symptoms， herbal pairs are the main form of clinical medication in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） as well as the characteristic advantage of treating diseases. This article summarized that “mutual complement of medicinals of same or antagonism flavor and nature” theory is the theoretical origin， and efficacy-enhancement and toxicity-attenuation is the core purpose of the combination of herbal pairs. The property theory of Chinese medicinals and the thought of differentiation and treatment are the main basis of the combination of herbal pairs， and pertinence and flexibility are the key points in clinical application. All mentioned above are expected to provide theoretical guidance for the clinical use and modern research of herbal pairs.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with small bowel tumors: A single center analysis of 220 cases / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with small bowel tumors. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. We collected clinicopathological data of patients with primary jejunal or ileal tumors who had undergone small bowel resection in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2012 and September 2017. The inclusion criteria included: (1) older than 18 years; (2) had undergone small bowel resection; (3) primary location at jejunum or ileum; (4) postoperative pathological examination confirmed malignancy or malignant potential; and (5) complete clinicopathological and follow-up data. Patients with a history of previous or other concomitant malignancies and those who had undergone exploratory laparotomy with biopsy but no resection were excluded. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses of included patients were analyzed. Results: The study cohort comprised 220 patients with small bowel tumors, 136 of which were classified as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 47 as adenocarcinomas, and 35 as lymphomas. The median follow-up for all patient was 81.0 months (75.9-86.1). GISTs frequently manifested as gastrointestinal bleeding (61.0%, 83/136) and abdominal pain (38.2%, 52/136). In the patients with GISTs, the rates of lymph node and distant metastasis were 0.7% (1/136) and 11.8% (16/136), respectively. The median follow-up time was 81.0 (75.9-86.1) months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 96.3%. Multivariate Cox regression-analysis results showed that distant metastasis was the only factor associated with OS of patients with GISTs (HR=23.639, 95% CI: 4.564-122.430, P<0.001). The main clinical manifestations of small bowel adenocarcinoma were abdominal pain (85.1%, 40/47), constipation/diarrhea (61.7%, 29/47), and weight loss (61.7%, 29/47). Rates of lymph node and distant metastasis in patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma were 53.2% (25/47) and 23.4% (11/47), respectively. The 3-year OS rate of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma was 44.7%. Multivariate Cox regression-analysis results showed that distant metastasis (HR=4.018, 95%CI: 2.108-10.331, P<0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.291, 95% CI: 0.140-0.609, P=0.001) were independently associated with OS of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma. Small bowel lymphoma frequently manifested as abdominal pain (68.6%, 24/35) and constipation/diarrhea (31.4%, 11/35); 77.1% (27/35) of small bowel lymphomas were of B-cell origin. The 3-year OS rate of patients with small bowel lymphomas was 60.0%. T/NK cell lymphomas (HR= 6.598, 95% CI: 2.172-20.041, P<0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.119, 95% CI: 0.015-0.925, P=0.042) were independently associated with OS of patients with small bowel lymphoma. Small bowel GISTs have a better prognosis than small intestinal adenocarcinomas (P<0.001) or lymphomas (P<0.001), and small bowel lymphomas have a better prognosis than small bowel adenocarcinomas (P=0.035). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of small intestinal tumor are non-specific. Small bowel GISTs are relatively indolent and have a good prognosis, whereas adenocarcinomas and lymphomas (especially T/NK-cell lymphomas) are highly malignant and have a poor prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy would likely improve the prognosis of patients with small bowel adenocarcinomas or lymphomas.

Burned-out testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathological analysis of three cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and possible mechanisms of burned-out testicular germ cell tumors. Methods: The clinical and imaging data, histology and immunophenotypic characteristics of three cases of burned-out testicular germ cell tumors diagnosed at the Ruijin Hospital, Medical College of the Shanghai Jiaotong University, from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The mean age of the three patients was 32 years. Case 1 had an elevated preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level (810.18 μg/L) and underwent "radical pancreaticoduodenectomy and retroperitoneal lesion resection" for a retroperitoneal mass. Postoperative pathology showed embryonal carcinoma, which needed to exclude gonadal metastasis. Color Doppler ultrasound showed a solid mass of the right testis, with hypoechoic lesion and scattered calcification in some areas. Case 2 was a "right supraclavicular lymph node biopsy specimen." Chest X-ray showed multiple metastases in both lungs. The biopsy showed metastatic embryonic carcinoma and bilateral testicular color Doppler ultrasound revealed abnormal calcifications in the right testicle. Case 3 showed a cystic mass of the right testis with calcification and solid areas. All 3 patients underwent radical right orchiectomy. Grossly, borders of the testicular scar areas were well defined. Cross sectioning of the tumors showed a gray-brown cut surface and single focus or multiple foci of the tumor. The tumor maximum diameter was 0.6-1.5 cm. Microscopically, lymphocytes, plasma cells infiltration, tubular hyalinization, clustered vascular hyperplasia and hemosiderin laden macrophages were found in the scar. Atrophic and sclerotic seminiferous tubules, proliferation of clustered Leydig cells and small or coarse granular calcifications in seminiferous tubules were present around the scar. Seminoma and germ cell neoplasia in situ were seen in case 1, germ cell neoplasia in situ was seen in case 2 and germ cells with atypical hyperplasia were seen in case 3. Immunohistochemistry showed that embryonic carcinoma expressed SALL4, CKpan(AE1/AE3) and CD30, seminoma and germ cell tumor in situ expressed OCT3/4, SALL4 and CD117, and spermatogenic cells with atypical hyperplasia expressed CD99 and SALL4. The Ki-67 positive index was about 20%, while OCT3/4 and CD117 were both negative. Conclusions: Burned-out testicular germ cell tumors are rare. The possibility of gonad testicular metastasis should be considered first for extragonadal germ cell tumor. If fibrous scar is found in testis, it must be determined whether it is a burned-out testicular germ cell tumor. The burned-out mechanisms may be related to the microenvironment of tumor immune-mediated and local ischemic injury.

Characteristics of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA in children with primary infection / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the characteristics of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in primary infection in pediatric cases. Methods: The laboratory and clinical data of 571 children diagnosed with EBV primary infection in Children's Hospital of Fudan University during September 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of plasma EBV DNA, they were divided into positive group and negative group. According to the EBV DNA, they were devided into high plasma virol load group and low plasma virol load group. The Chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the differences between groups. Results: Among the 571 children with EBV primary infection, 334 were males and 237 were females. The age of first diagnosis was 3.8 (2.2, 5.7) years. There were 255 cases in positive group and 316 cases in negative group. The percentage of cases with fever,hepatomegaly and (or) splenomegaly, elevated transaminase in the positive group were higher than those in the negative group (235 cases (92.2%) vs. 255 cases (80.7%), χ2=15.22, P<0.001; 169 cases (66.3%) vs. 85 cases (26.9%), χ2=96.80, P<0.001; and 144 cases (56.5%) vs. 120 cases (38.0%), χ2=18.27, P<0.001; respectively).In the positive group, 70 cases were followed up for 46 (27, 106) days, 68 cases (97.1%) turned negative within 28 days, with the exception of 2 cases (2.9%) developed chronic active EBV infection by follow-up revision.There were 218 cases in high plasma viral DNA copies group and 37 cases in low copies group. More cases presented with elevated transaminases in the high plasma viral DNA copies group than those in the low group (75.7% (28/37) vs. 56.0%(116/207), χ2=5.00, P=0.025).Both the positive rate of EBV DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes (84.2% (266/316) vs. 44.7% (255/571), χ2=76.26, P<0.001) and the copies of EBV DNA (7.0×107 (1.3×107, 3.0×108) vs. 3.1×106 (1.6×106, 6.1×106) copies /L, Z=15.23, P<0.001) were higher than that of plasma. Conclusions: In immunocompetent pediatric cases diagnosed as EBV primary infection, cases with positive plasma EBV DNA were prone to have fever, hepatomegaly and (or) splenomegaly, and elevated transaminase than those with negative plasma viral DNA. The plasma EBV DNA usually turns negative within 28 days after initial diagnosis.Most cases with high viral load in plasma showed elevated aminotransferase.

Exploration on acupuncture treatment ideas for knee osteoarthritis from the perspective of Dongyuan needling technology / 中国针灸

The treatment ideas with acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are explored on the base of Dongyuan needling technology. Regarding the rules of acupoint selection, Zusanli (ST 36) is predominant, the back-shu points are used for the disorders related to the invasion of exogenous factors, and the front-mu points are for the cases caused by internal injury. Besides, the xing-spring points and shu-stream points are preferred. In treatment of KOA, besides the local points, the front-mu points, i.e. Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and Guanyuan (CV 4), are selected specially to tonifying the spleen and stomach. The earth points and acupoints on the earth meridians (i.e. Yinlingquan [SP 9], Xuehai [SP 10], Liangqiu [ST 34], Dubi [ST 35], Zusanli [ST 36] and Yanglingquan [GB 34]) are optional to coordinate yin and yang, essence and qi , and regulate the qi movement of spleen and stomach. The shu-stream points of liver, spleen and kidney meridians (Taichong [LR 3], Taibai [SP 3] and Taixi [KI 3]) are chosen to promote meridian circulation and regulate zangfu functions.

Guiqi Baizhu Prescription Combined with Oxaliplatin Protects Intestinal Barrier of Tumor-bearing Mice with Gastric Cancer by Regulation of VIP/cAMP/PKA/AQP Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Guiqi Baizhu prescription combined with oxaliplatin on the intestinal barrier of tumor-bearing mice with gastric cancer by regulating downstream aquaporin 3 （AQP3） and aquaporin 4 （AQP4） through the vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）/cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）/protein kinase A （PKA） signaling pathway. MethodThe gastric cancer cell lines MFC with a density of 1×107/mL were prepared into cell suspension. The tumor-bearing mouse model of gastric cancer was established by inoculating 0.2 mL cell suspension under the right axilla of mice. After successful modeling， mice were randomly divided into 5 groups， namely， model group， oxaliplatin group （10 mg·kg-1）， and high， medium， and low-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription groups （17.68， 8.84， 4.42 g·kg-1）， with 10 mice in each group， and the remaining 10 mice were set as a blank group. Mice in each group were treated with Chinese medicine， oxaliplatin， or normal saline by gavage or intraperitoneal injection for 14 d. The next day after the last dose， blood was taken from the eyeball to separate serum and take colonic samples. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the changes in tissue morphology. The content of D-lactate acid （D-LA） and diamine oxidase （DAO） in the serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein expressions of VIP， cAMP， PKA， AQP3， and AQP4 were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed edema in the colonic submucosa， disordered arrangement of intestinal glands in the mucosal layer， loss of goblet cells， infiltration of inflammatory cells， and villus shedding. However， there were different degrees of improvement in each administration group. As compared with the blank group， the serum levels of DAO and D-LA in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the levels of DAO and D-LA in the high-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group and the level of D-LA in the medium-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the oxaliplatin group， the levels of D-LA in the high and medium-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription groups were decreased （P<0.05）， and the levels of DAO and D-LA in other administration groups were decreased as well， but the difference had no statistical significance. As compared with the blank group， the mRNA and protein expression levels of VIP， cAMP， PKA， AQP3， and AQP4 in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the mRNA and protein expression levels of VIP， cAMP， PKA， AQP3， and AQP4 in each administration group were increased， and those in the high-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the protein expression level of cAMP in the medium-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group were increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the oxaliplatin group， the protein expression levels of cAMP in the high-dose oxaliplatin + Guiqi Baizhu prescription group were increased （P<0.05）， and the mRNA and protein expressions of these indexes in the other groups were also increased but the differences were not statistically significant. ConclusionGuiqi Baizhu prescription combined with oxaliplatin can regulate AQP3 and AQP4 through the VIP/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway to protect the intestinal barrier of tumor-bearing mice with gastric cancer.